A recent study published by 7Safe,
UK Security Breach Investigations Report, analyzed 62 cybercrime breach investigation and states that in “86% of all attacks, a weakness in a web interface was exploited” (vs 14% infrastructure) and the attackers were predominately external (80%). These results are largely consistent with the US-based
Verizon Data Breach Incident Report (2008) which tracks over 500 cases. Combine this knowledge with the targeted Web-related attacks against Google, Adobe, Yahoo, the US House of Representatives, TechCrunch, Twitter, Heartland Payment Systems, bank after bank, university after university, country after country --
the story is the same.
It’s a Web security world.
It has been said before and it’s worth repeating, adding more firewalls, SSL, and the same ol’ anti-malware products is not going to help solve this problem!
The reason that Web security problems persist is not a lack of knowledgeable people (though we could use more), perfected security tools (
they could be much better), or effective software development processes (still maturing). A fundamental reason is something myself and others have been harping on for a long while now. Organizations spend their IT security dollars protecting themselves from yesterday’s attacks, at the network/infrastructure layer, while overlooking today’s real threats. Furthermore, these dollars are typically spent counter to how businesses invest their resources in technology. To illustrate this point I’m going to borrow
inspiration from Gunnar Peterson (Software Security Architect & CTO at Arctec Group).
Let’s look at the approximate 2009 revenue from the largest corporations supplying a significant (most?) portion of IT infrastructure. Cisco $36B, Juniper $3.3B, Microsoft $58.5B, and F5 $653M. Total: $98.5B (USD). To protect this infrastructure from attacks security products are purchased. The approximate 2009 revenue of largest security vendors is Symantec $6B, Kaspersky $100M, McAfee $1.6B, Checkpoint $800M, SourceFire $75M, and IBM/ISS $500M (we think).
We’re spending $9.1B (USD) to protect $98.5B (USD) in infrastructure. Perhaps a ~%10 security tax on infrastructure is acceptable.
Now, let’s take a look at five of the top Web-based companies, which make all their money online, and by extension whose core technology value is rooted in Web code. In 2009 their revenues were: Google $23.6B, Yahoo $6.5B, eBay $8.7B, Amazon $24.5B, Salesforce.com $1.1B. $64.4B in total. Keep in mind that the 2009 eCommerce market is said to be about $130B. To protect these Web-enabled systems let’s use Gary McGraw’s (CTO of Cigital)
2007 software security revenue numbers of $500 million. He takes into account the bulk of white and black box testing tools, professional services consultancies, and web application firewall vendors. Since Gary hasn’t updated his numbers yet, lets adjust up to $750M to reflect market growth between then and 2009.
So in effect ~$750M is being spent to protect $64.4B in eCommerce revenue.
This is further supported by analyst findings.
According to Gartner, 90 percent of IT security spending is on perimeter security such as firewalls. Plus to my mind that 1.20% figure is way aggressive. It is likely the percentage is much lower because the $750M is actually being spread out among financial, healthcare, insurance, education, energy, transportation, and government verticals. Perhaps this is also the reason why so many application security professionals wage holy wars over what solution is the best, worst, most important, or should be purchased first.
For the last ten years, I’ve directly experienced application security professionals fighting amongst themselves for scraps off the Big-Security-Vendor’s table. Vulnerability scanners vs WAFs, black vs white box, pen-test vs source code review, certifications vs real world experience, developer training vs secure frameworks, and so on. FAIL! All these solutions are necessary and more! The only way I see to truly improve application security is for organizations to do one (or both) of the following:
- Reallocate a portion of current infrastructure security spend to application security.
- Grow overall IT security spending and increase application security to more than a rounding error.
But, lets say you are unconvinced by the numbers above. They might be too shaky, that’s fair. Lets try
another Gunnar-inspired exercise:
Break the IT budget into the following categories:
- Network: all the resources invested in Cisco, network admins, etc.
- Host: all the resources invested in Unix, Windows, sys admins, etc.
- Applications: all the resources invested in developers, CRM, ERP, etc.
- Data: all the resources invested in databases, DBAs, etc.
Tally up each layer. If you are like most business you will probably find that you spend most on Applications, then Data, then Host, then Network.
Then do the same exercise for the Information Security budget:
- Network: all the resources invested in network firewalls, firewall admins, etc.
- Host: all the resources invested in Vulnerability management, patching, etc.
- Applications: all the resources invested in static analysis, black box scanning etc.
- Data: all the resources invested in database encryption, database monitoring, etc.
Again, tally each up layer. If you are like most business you will find that you spend most on Network, then Host, then Applications, then Data. Congratulations, Information Security, you are diametrically opposed to the business!
If security spending can be justified on areas where attacks no longer occur, then perhaps we can justify more time, money, and effort on application security in the areas where the attacks are being waged.
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